Abdel Fattah Said Hussein Khalil Al-Sisi

Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil Al-Sisi (November 19, 1954), is the sixth and current President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, and the Supreme Commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces. He was Director of Military Intelligence in 2010 AD, then he was promoted to the position of Minister of Defense to succeed Field Marshal Muhammad Hussein Tantawi on August 12, 2012 AD. He was elected in 2012. 2014 for a period of 4 years after his success in the 2014 presidential elections, after his overthrow of President Mohamed Morsi on July 3, 2013 (the first elected civilian president after the January 25 revolution) a year after he assumed the reins of power following demonstrations calling for his departure, and he announced accompanying measures known as the road map Supporters of President Mohamed Morsi at the time opposed it and considered it – along with part of the international and Arab community – a military coup, while the demonstrators and opponents of President Mohamed Morsi at the time supported it and considered it a revolution and support for popular demands. He graduated from the Military Academy in 1977, served in the infantry, and was appointed commander of the Northern Military Region. He assumed the position of Director of the Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance Department. He then held the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces and the 44th Minister of Defense from August 12, 2012 until his resignation on March 26, 2014 to run for the presidency. He was sworn in for his first four-year presidential term before the Constitutional Court on June 8, 2014, while he was sworn in for his second term before the House of Representatives on June 2, 2018.

El-Sisi has been described by Forbes magazine as “a friend of economic reform and an enemy of many civil liberties and extremist ideology”, and his system of government has been described as authoritarian. Analysts, especially in Western sources, do not consider Egypt under Sisi a democratic state, citing the imprisonment of political opponents, the curtailment of press freedom, and the lack of free elections. Human rights organizations such as Human Rights Watch have accused security forces under his rule of abuses such as the use of torture, enforced disappearance, and imprisonment of opponents. And their relatives, while Al-Sisi denied these accusations and called for “beware of information published by human rights organizations.” In the 2018 presidential elections, Sisi faced only nominal opposition following the military detention of Sami Anan and subsequent enforced disappearance, the withdrawal of Ahmed Shafiq after being threatened with old corruption charges according to one of his lawyers, and the withdrawal of the rest of the candidates due to obstacles and alleged violations by the election commission. On the other hand, Al-Sisi considered that Western democracy is not suitable for the Middle East except in the long term. Because of conflicts and obstacles to education and poverty. Under Sisi, Egypt began a successful economic reform program, which helped make the Egyptian economy the fastest growing in the Middle East by 2019. However, the proportion of the poor continued to rise due to austerity measures and the Corona crisis, and this was met by measures to strengthen social protection networks. Al-Sisi was criticized for increasing the role of the army in the economy, but he replied that this role does not exceed 2 percent of the GDP, and denied that it is at the expense of the private sector. The capabilities of the armed forces have also grown under Sisi, and Egypt became the third largest importer of arms globally in the 2015-19 period.

Before being appointed Minister of Defence

Head of the Information and Security Branch at the General Secretariat of the Ministry of Defense.

Commander of a mechanized infantry battalion. Defense attache in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Commander of a mechanized infantry brigade.

Commander of a mechanized infantry division (2nd Division).

Chief of Staff of the Northern Military Region.

Commander of the Northern Military Region (February 2008 – January 2010).

Director of Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance (January 2010) – August 2012).

During the rule of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces

He was the youngest member of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces before he was elected to his position. He was also the first to confirm that members of the military police had conducted, in March 2011, what was known in the media as virginity tests, saying that it was justified; Because it protects girls from rape and protects soldiers from being accused of rape.

During the rule of President Mohamed Morsi

On August 12, 2012, then-President Mohamed Morsi issued a decree promoting Sisi from the rank of Major General to the rank of Lieutenant General and appointing him Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, succeeding Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, who at the time held the position of Head of Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance. The Freedom and Justice Party considered him at the time a “minister of defense with the flavor of the revolution.”
Statement July 3, 2013.

On July 3, 2013, the then Minister of Defense, Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, announced the dismissal of President Mohamed Morsi, the suspension of the 2012 constitution, and the handing over of power to the President of the Supreme Constitutional Court, Counselor Adly Mansour. They saw this as support for the popular demands and demonstrations of June 30, while Sisi was accused at the time by another part of the Egyptian and international community of carrying out a military coup.
He dismissed the elected Egyptian president, Mohamed Morsi, suspended the constitution, cut off the broadcasts of several media outlets, and assigned the head of the Constitutional Court, Adly Mansour, to preside over the country. President Mohamed Morsi was held in an undisclosed location for several months, and arrest warrants were issued for 300 members of the Muslim Brotherhood.

During the rule of President Adly Mansour

On January 27, 2014, he was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal by a decision of President Adly Mansour, and it was preceded by a meeting of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, in which he announced that he agreed to the “popular mandate” of the Minister of Defense at the time, Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, to run for the presidency. On March 26, 2014, he officially announced his resignation from his position and his candidacy for the presidential elections, after a meeting of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces attended by President Adly Mansour, during which Lieutenant General Sedki Sobhi was promoted to first team and appointed Minister of Defense, successor to Sisi the next day.

During the rule of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces

He was the youngest member of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces before he was elected to his position. He was also the first to confirm that members of the military police had conducted, in March 2011, what was known in the media as virginity tests, saying that it was justified; Because it protects girls from rape and protects soldiers from being accused of rape.

During the rule of President Mohamed Morsi

On August 12, 2012, then-President Mohamed Morsi issued a decree promoting Sisi from the rank of Major General to the rank of Lieutenant General and appointing him Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, succeeding Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, who at the time held the position of Head of Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance. The Freedom and Justice Party considered him at the time a “minister of defense with the flavor of the revolution.”
Statement July 3, 2013.

On July 3, 2013, the then Minister of Defense, Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, announced the dismissal of President Mohamed Morsi, the suspension of the 2012 constitution, and the handing over of power to the President of the Supreme Constitutional Court, Counselor Adly Mansour. They saw this as support for the popular demands and demonstrations of June 30, while Sisi was accused at the time by another part of the Egyptian and international community of carrying out a military coup.
He dismissed the elected Egyptian president, Mohamed Morsi, suspended the constitution, cut off the broadcasts of several media outlets, and assigned the head of the Constitutional Court, Adly Mansour, to preside over the country. President Mohamed Morsi was held in an undisclosed location for several months, and arrest warrants were issued for 300 members of the Muslim Brotherhood.

During the rule of President Adly Mansour

On January 27, 2014, he was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal by a decision of President Adly Mansour, and it was preceded by a meeting of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, in which he announced that he agreed to the “popular mandate” of the Minister of Defense at the time, Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, to run for the presidency. On March 26, 2014, he officially announced his resignation from his position and his candidacy for the presidential elections, after a meeting of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces attended by President Adly Mansour, during which Lieutenant General Sedki Sobhi was promoted to first team and appointed Minister of Defense, successor to Sisi the next day.

Presidency of Egypt

Candidacy for the presidency of the Republic

A road map was announced following the removal of President Mohamed Morsi in July 2013, drawn up by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces in the wake of popular protests calling for the removal of President Mohamed Morsi from office. It included the temporary suspension of the constitution; appointing the President of the Supreme Constitutional Court as interim President of Egypt; and holding early presidential elections, which were organized in May 2014.

On March 26, 2014, Abdel Fattah El-Sisi announced his resignation from his post as Minister of Defense and officially running for the presidential elections.
In April of the same year, he officially submitted his candidacy papers, which included about 188,000 citizens’ powers of attorney. After the door for candidacy closed, the Supreme Elections Committee announced that the competition would be between Sisi and Hamdeen Sabahi only in the elections that took place during May 2014 with the participation of Egyptians inside and outside Egypt. Al-Sisi won it by obtaining 23,780,104 votes, with 96.9% of the valid votes.

Run for a second term

On January 19, 2018, near the end of his first term, Abdel Fattah El-Sisi announced his candidacy for a second term in the presidential elections to be held in late March of the same year.
While many Arab and international newspapers expressed their strong criticism of the repressive measures taken against most of the competitors for the presidential seat, which resulted in limiting the competition between him and the only candidate, Musa Mustafa Musa, on the other hand, the Egyptian government stated that the measures taken against potential candidates were for violating the legal candidacy procedures or Egyptian military laws. On March 29, 2018, press reports stated that the initial numbers of voter counting operations indicated that Abdel Fattah El-Sisi was re-elected for a second presidential term, and that the number of participants in the elections reached 23,293,000 voters, while the number of registered voters in Egypt is about 59 million. , with a participation rate of about 40% of the number of voters who have the right to vote. On April 2, 2018, the National Elections Authority, headed by Chancellor Lashin Ibrahim, announced the election of Abdel Fattah El-Sisi as President of the Republic for a second term, with 97.08% of the valid votes. And the authority announced that the number of those registered in the database is 59 million 78 thousand and 138 voters, and the number of those who cast their votes abroad 157 thousand and 60 voters, and the number of those who cast their votes inside 24 million and 97 thousand and 92 voters, and the number of those who cast their votes at home and abroad 24 million and 254 thousand and 152 voters. 41.05%, and that the number of valid votes is 22,491,921, or 92.73%, and that the number of invalid votes is 1,762,231, or 7.27% of the total votes. Candidate Abdel Fattah El-Sisi received 21,835,387 votes, or 97.08% Of the valid votes, while candidate Musa Mustafa obtained 656,534 votes, or 2.92% of the valid votes. On June 2, 2018, Abdel Fattah El-Sisi was sworn in before the House of Representatives for a second presidential term in a special session, in accordance with Article 144 of the Egyptian Constitution and Article 109 of the The internal regulations of the House of Representatives.